Homelessness

The city began its enforcement of encampment restrictions late last year.

The city began its enforcement of encampment restrictions late last year.

When Winnipeg voters elect a new mayor and council on Oct. 28, Willis hopes new voices will challenge the status quo and push for a more co-ordinated response to the crises. There will be at least five new councillors since several incumbents are not running again.

Willis and others say the city can no longer treat the issue as primarily a provincial responsibility.

While Willingham stresses addressing homelessness requires provincial and federal partnerships because many of the required services fall outside municipal jurisdiction, he disputes suggestions the city has failed to take sufficient responsibility.

Gillingham says Winnipeg is doing more to address homelessness than at any point in recent memory, citing municipal funding for 24-hour safe spaces, mobile outreach, public washrooms and affordable housing, while quadrupling investment in safe spaces since 2022.

He says his administration’s investments reflect ongoing discussions with organizations that work directly with people experiencing homelessness, such as Street Links, Main Street Project and Siloam Mission, even if they don’t always agree on policy.

“We recognized that the city, we couldn’t just simply stand on the sidelines and call the province to address the problem while people were struggling on the streets, and neighbourhoods are feeling the impacts,” Gillingham says.

Mahmood worries the political conversation has shifted away from evidence-based solutions toward enforcement measures — such as restrictions on temporary encampments and police crackdowns on open drug use and trafficking — that may be more politically appealing but do little to address the underlying causes of homelessness.

“Rather than actually understanding the issues and what could solve them, it seems to be more what will get you the best political win or whatever, right?” he says. “That’s kind of frustrating because these are people’s lives.”

A Winnipeg Police Service enforcement campaign on open drug use is currently ongoing, in co-ordination with service agencies. It’s the second sweep this year. The initial crackdown was criticized for a lack of collaboration, with front-line organizations warning increased enforcement can push people into more isolated locations, where overdoses may go unnoticed and prove fatal.

Klein says he would continue enforcement against open drug use and trafficking, arguing public safety must extend to transit, parks and community spaces.

He also pledges to eliminate what he described as police “no-go zones” around certain encampments.

Designated encampments:

The topic is a divisive one, both politically and among the front-line organizations.

Marion Willis, executive director of St. Boniface Street Links, hopes fresh faces on city council will help push for more progress on the homelessness file.

For Willis, establishing designated encampment areas to better support the homeless while reducing their impact on surrounding neighbourhoods is a more immediate priority. The province’s unwillingness to fund sites shouldn’t prevent the city from pursuing them, she says.

Sjoberg opposes the idea, arguing the city’s existing restrictions on where people can shelter, combined with police enforcement, could make managed sites more restrictive than supportive.

“I’m not in favour of designated encampment because our collective policy environment is so punishing that I think it’ll lead to people being less safe rather than more safe,” she says.

Klein, however, is proposing a supervised encampment site with washrooms, garbage facilities, around-the-clock management and access to support services, citing similar approaches in other Canadian cities, including Halifax and Thunder Bay. He has yet to determine where a site would be located or cost it out, saying those decisions would be made in consultation with front-line organizations. However, he acknowledges it would need the support of the province, which hasn’t been on side with the idea.

“I don’t think you could go on your own,” he says.

Gillingham remains opposed to established encampment sites, saying his position aligns with the province, which is focusing on getting more permanent housing built. He also questions where a site could be located and how many people it could realistically accommodate.

“I’m not supportive of managed encampment. I’d rather focus our time and energy on trying to get more housing built, or renovated, so we can expedite getting people out of encampments and into housing,” he says.

Other municipal steps:

At the emergency inner-city shelter Siloam Mission, Cefali sees opportunities for the next mayor and council to make better use of existing municipal resources, including publicly owned land and emergency services.

Siloam, which already has a city-supported housing project proposed for Princess Street, wants to expand its second-stage recovery programming from 22 beds to 66. Cefali says housing co-ordinated and could help make that possible, while freeing up space at its existing facility.

She also wants closer partnerships with police and other emergency services, including a permanent paramedic presence at Siloam and better co-ordination around the approximately $1 million the organization spends annually on security.

Cefali says those partnerships could help address drug trafficking near the shelter, reduce unnecessary emergency responses and improve safety without targeting the people accessing its services.

But she cautions against treating homelessness as a problem with a single solution.

“One of the biggest things that I’ve seen is people speaking of the unhoused as one homogenous group, and it’s not,” she says. “Each individual has their story, but I think each individual has their solution, much like you would treat patients at a hospital.”

Main Street Project executive director Jamil Mahmood worries candidates are more focused on enforcement measures for “the best political win” while ignoring underlying causes of homelessness.

Her most immediate concern is the approaching winter and the lack of adequate places for people to seek shelter when temperatures plunge.

“It’s our front-line staff who are the ones at 3 a.m. who have to say, ‘no, you can’t come in,’” she says.

Cefali suggests vacant downtown storefronts and other buildings could be used as temporary warming spaces, with city hall helping co-ordinate property owners, service providers and emergency responders rather than expecting existing shelters to absorb more people.

Encampment crackdown:

Last November, the city began enforcing a new bylaw that established restrictions on where temporary encampments could be located, with locations in parks or near schools and daycares ruled out.

Mahmood wants the next council to reconsider those restrictions, saying they fail to address individuals’ housing and support needs.

“It speaks to where they can’t be and the rules that they’re enforcing,” he says, adding the restrictions resulted in displacing people into other parts of the city.

While Rattray supports reasonable restrictions, such as barring encampments near schools and daycares, the policy is too sweeping, leaving people with few places to go, she says.

“I think the encampment ban is too broad, and I think I would hope that the mayor and city council will look at the implications of the existing encampment ban and look at how it might be modified,” she says.

Gillingham defends the restrictions, arguing the city must balance the needs of people experiencing homelessness with those of families who want to use parks and other public spaces. He disputes suggestions the policy is intended to displace people, saying city staff work with outreach organizations to secure housing and supports before clearing encampments.

“The encampment protocol, is it perfect? No, probably not,” he says, adding, if re-elected, he would be open to adjustments if they can make the policy more effective.

Although Klein is critical of the city’s encampment restrictions — “that’s not compassion, that’s certainly not a strategy to deal with the issue” — he acknowledges they have a role to play if a permanent site is established.

“You need the bylaw so that people know they have to go to a managed camp,” Klein says.

Mahmood says 350 people living in encampments have completed housing applications through Main Street Project, evidence that many people want housing but have nowhere else to go.

Kate Sjoberg, executive director at Resource Assistance for Youth Inc., says decisions, such as increasing transit fares or restricting access to public spaces, are creating more barriers.

“If you really want to stop people from camping in parks, get them the housing they need,” he says.

The Kinew government’s Your Way Home strategy aims to move about 700 people into housing by 2031 as part of an effort to end chronic homelessness. Meanwhile, Gillingham says his administration since 2022 has helped fund more than 2,600 affordable homes, including nearly 1,000 deeply affordable units. He could not say how many have been completed and occupied, acknowledging getting housing built remains a significant challenge.

“We’re making progress collectively, but certainly we’re nowhere close to any victory lap because there’s so much work left to do,” he says.

Funding:

Mahmood wants the next council to reconsider how it funds outreach, arguing municipal budget decisions take precedence over the actual needs of people living on the streets.

In 2025, the province pumped $73 million into its Your Way Home strategy, while the city, during the same period, spent approximately $1.6 million, including $550,000 awarded to Main Street Project for the city’s sole outreach contract, and $1.05 million for 24-7 safe spaces. Additional costs were not readily available at publication, including enforcement, park cleanup and fire-paramedic response.

“We’re not funding outreach based on the need. We’re funding outreach based on what the city wants to allocate in their budget,” Mahmood says. “It’s a budget decision and not a needs-based decision.”

He says the city should first determine how many outreach teams Winnipeg requires, including specialized teams serving women, youth and other populations, and then establish the funding needed to provide those services.

He suggests that could mean investing $2 million or more, with contributions from other levels of government, rather than starting with a fixed number and expecting organizations to make do.

“The conversation shouldn’t be, here is $550,000 a year. Fight,” he says.

Klein says he would establish a Mayor’s Office of Community Safety and Housing Outcomes within 30 days of taking office, appointing a paid staff member to bring front-line organizations together and develop a co-ordinated strategy.

Front-line organizations say restrictions on temporary encampments resulted in dispersing people into other areas of the city.

“It’s an all-of-us issue,” says End Homelessness Winnipeg executive director Jennifer Rattray.